Archimedes was born around 287 BC. AD in the port city of Syracuse in Sicily, then an autonomous colony in Magna Graecia. The date of birth is based on a statement by the Byzantine-Greek historian Johannes Tetzes that Archimedes lived 75 years before his death in 212 BC. A.D. [9] In the Sand-Reckoner, Archimedes gives his father`s name as Phidias, an astronomer of whom nothing else is known. A biography of Archimedes was written by his friend Erakedes,[20] but this work was lost, leaving the details of his life in the dark. It is not known, for example, whether he ever married or had children, or whether he ever visited Alexandria, Egypt, in his youth. His surviving writings show that he maintained collegial relations with local scholars, including his friend Conon of Samos and the chief librarian Eratosthenes of Cyrene.[21] [b] This is the description of a small planetarium. Pappus of Alexandria reports a treatise by Archimedes (now lost) dealing with the construction of these mechanisms, entitled On the Making of Spheres. [26] [59] Modern research in this area has focused on the mechanism of Antikythera, another device built around 100 BC. AD and probably designed for the same purpose. [60] The design of such mechanisms would have required a thorough knowledge of the differential gear. [61] It was once thought to be beyond the reach of the technology available in antiquity, but the discovery of the Antikythera mechanism in 1902 confirmed that devices of this type were known to the ancient Greeks.
[62] [63] What is the reason for ice flotation on waterLaws of flotationA body floats in a liquid when:1. The density of the body material is less than or equal to the density of the liquid.2. When the density of the body material is equal to the density of the fluid, the body floats completely in the liquid in neutral equilibrium.3. When the body floats in neutral equilibrium, the weight of the body is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.4. The center of gravity of the body and the center of gravity of the fluid displaced must be in a vertical line. We now understand the center of buoyancy and the metacenter of buoyancy: the center of gravity of the fluid moved by a body is called the center of buoyancy. Metacenter: When a floater is slightly out of balance, the center of buoyancy shifts. The point where the vertical line passing through the new position of the center of buoyancy meets the starting line is called the metacenter. What are the conditions for a stable balance of the floater?a. The metacenter must always be higher than the center of gravity of the body.b.
The line connecting the centre of gravity of the body and the point of flow shall be vertical. We know that density is mass per unit volume. Its S.I unit is kg/m3 and the relative density is the density of the material per water density at four degrees Celsius. The relative density is measured with the hydrometer. – The density of seawater is higher than that of normal water. Therefore, it is easier to swim in seawater.- When ice floats in water, its part remains 1/10 outside the water.- When ice floating in a container in the water melts, the water level in the container does not change.- The purity of the milk is measured with a lactometer. From the article we learned what flotation is, how can we swim, why some objects float instead of sinking, what are the laws of flotation, etc. Name an instrument based on this principle. Specify two uses of the instrument you are describing. Although he is often considered a designer of mechanical devices, Archimedes also made contributions in the field of mathematics. Plutarch wrote that Archimedes “put all his affection and ambition into those purer speculations in which there can be no indication of the vulgar needs of life,”[28] although some scholars believe that this may be a mischaracterization. [64] [65] [66] Cicero`s De re publica describes a fictitious conversation that took place in 129 BC.
AD after the Second Punic War. The general Marcus Claudius Marcellus is said to have conquered Syracuse in 212 BC. Two mechanisms built by Archimedes showed the motion of the sun, moon and five planets. Cicero also mentions similar mechanisms devised by Thales of Miletus and Eudoxus of Knide. The dialogue indicates that Marcellus kept one of the devices as his only personal booty from Syracuse and donated the other to the Temple of Virtue in Rome. According to Cicero, the mechanism of Marcellus was demonstrated by Gaius Sulpicius Gallus to Lucius Furius Philus, who described it as follows:[57][58] Archimedes, the ancient Greek scientist, first explained the principle of flotation. According to him, all objects placed in a liquid undergo an upward force that allows the body to float as it moves water with a weight equal to the weight of the body. This upward force is known as buoyancy force and the law is known as the law of buoyancy. Fluidity depends mainly on density. If an object has a density lower than the density of water, it floats.
Like the leaf of a plant floats on water because the density of the leaf is less than the density of water. A stone thrown into water sinks because the density of the stone is greater than the density of the water. Have you ever thought of a ship weighing tons floating while a needle sinks? This can be explained as follows: a ship is made of iron and steel, but has a lot of space filled with air.